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Disturbing Rise in Multiple Sclerosis in Iran

By
Golrokh Askarieh
-

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disorder most likely caused by gene–environment interactions. On the occasion of World MS Day, May 25, Mohammad Ali Sahraeian told IRNA that, based on the latest statistics, 65,000 to 70,000 Iranians are affected by MS, equivalent to affecting 115 people out of every 100,000.

Reportedly, he said, out of this population, many have yet to come for treatment, despite the disease being “more prevalent this year than last year.” Isfahan Province has the highest incidence of MS, while Sistan and Baluchestan Province holds the lowest, he added.

According to some reports, Sahraeian explained, in 2008 in Tehran, out of every 100,000 residents, 50 were affected, while the number in 2014 reached 101 and in 2015 was 115, displaying a rising trend.

Sahraeian, who is also a professor at the University of Tehran, said 80% of the MS population is between the ages of 18-50, adding that children also get affected by the disease but not at the rate adults do.

There have been numerous theories and extensive debates on the causative mechanisms of MS. A viral cause is still considered as a possible hypothesis. Western lifestyles, which are being copied by the youth of the region nowadays, may be related to MS as well. Environmental factors such as different types of pollutants may also play a role. The stress caused by the unstable geopolitical situation in the region may also trigger an earlier age of onset.

In children, the symptoms of MS mostly resemble those in adults, therefore families should be aware of warning signs of the disease, and take their children immediately to neurologists.

The professor lists the early symptoms of the disease as including: blurred or double vision, thinking problems, clumsiness or a lack of coordination, loss of balance, numbness, and tingling sensation, and he advised people to take these symptoms seriously.

Good nutrition and consumption of healthy food can be effective in disease prevention, he said. Overall, physicians recommend people to avoid greasy fast food and instead consume fruit and vegetables.

Although there is no cure for multiple sclerosis, physical therapy and medication can help with symptoms and slow disease progression.

Iran Climbs World Nanotech Ranking to 6th, Exceeding Japan

By
Golrokh Askarieh
-

Saeid Sarkar, the Head of the Iran Nanotechnology Initiative Council (INIC), made the announcement during a festival of top nanotechnology media, adding “Presently, at the end of the first 10-year [nanotechnology] plan, we are standing among the top five countries in terms of manpower development.”

“Iran has made considerable progress in the field of nanotechnology and has been successful in demonstrating a model for development and progress,” he added.

“The United States invests over $2bn annually, and Japan over $1.5bn, in nanotechnology, while the capital of the INIC is merely $20m. This budget cannot even compare with the budget for nanotechnology development in other countries.”

Sarkar went on to add, however, “Over 160 nano companies are currently active in Iran, and there are 320 Iranian nano products available on the market.”

He highlighted that the post-sanction era was creating favourable conditions for Iranian nano products in global markets, adding “In the past month, we were able to export a nanofibre production machine to South Korea. Iranian products are also currently being exported to Australia and China.”

Germans in Search of Business Opportunities in Iran

By
Golrokh Askarieh
-

“Iran’s economy in the post-sanctions era is rapidly moving towards privatization, and now is a good time for foreign companies, especially those from Germany, to take advantage of investment opportunities,” said chairman Masoud Khansari.

According to Khansari, the banking issues are still the main obstacle against the expansion of bilateral ties, even though the sanctions have been removed.

For his part, Garlet Duin, Minister of Economy and Energy of the German state, accepted that the banking issue is the main problem, and noted that serious negotiations with banks will continue. Good results have been achieved so far, and with patience, problems will be lifted in the near future.

He also announced that Hermes insurance had agreed to resume its activities in Iran, which was good news for investors.

Afghan Taliban Appoint New Leader after Mansour’s Death

By
Golrokh Askarieh
-

In a statement sent to media, the insurgent group said its new leader is Mullah Haibatullah Akhundzada, one of two of Mansour’s deputies. It said he was chosen at a meeting of Taliban leaders, which was believed to have been held in Pakistan, the Associated Press reported.

Mansour was killed in Pakistan on Saturday when his vehicle was struck by a US drone, an attack that is believed to be the first time a Taliban leader was killed in such a way inside Pakistani territory.

Pakistani authorities are believed to have given shelter and support to some Taliban leaders over the Afghan border. The insurgents have been fighting to overthrow the Kabul government since 2001, when their own regime was overthrown by the US invasion.

The US and Afghan governments said Mansour had been an obstacle to a peace process that had ground to a halt when he refused to participate in peace talks earlier this year. Instead, he intensified the war in Afghanistan, now in its 15th year.

Mansour had led the Taliban since last summer, when the death of the movement’s founder, the one-eyed Mullah Mohammad Omar, became public. Mansour ran the movement in Mullah Omar’s name for more than two years. The revelation of Mullah Omar’s death and Mansour’s deception led to widespread mistrust, with some senior leaders leaving the group to set up their own factions.

Senior Taliban figures have said that his death could strengthen the movement, as he was a divisive figure. The identity of his successor was expected to be an indication of the direction the insurgency would take, either toward peace or continued war.

Akhundzada is a scholar known for issuing public statements justifying the existence of the extremist Taliban, their war against the Afghan government and the presence of foreign troops in Afghanistan. His views are regarded as hawkish, and he could be expected to continue in the aggressive footsteps of Mansour.

Wednesday’s statement said two new deputies had also been appointed — both of whom had earlier been thought to be the main contenders for the top job. They are Sirajuddin Haqqani, who was also one of Mansour’s deputies, and the son of Mullah Omar, Mullah Yaqoub.

The Taliban statement called for three days of mourning for Mansour. It also attempted to calm any qualms among the rank and file by calling for unity and obedience to the new leader.

Iran Condemns Deadly Terrorist Attacks in Syria

By
Golrokh Askarieh
-

In a statement released on Wednesday, Jaberi Ansari expressed deep sympathy with the bereaved families of the victims and the people and government of Syria over the tragic incidents.

He said that terrorism and extremism are serious threats to regional nations as well as to global peace and security, adding that Iran calls on the international community to fulfil its moral and legal duty to counter them.

Four car bombs and three suicide bombers struck the Syrian cities of Jableh and Tartus, leaving a trail of over 140 dead on Monday May 23.

According to the Syrian Foreign Ministry, terrorists first detonated a car bomb at the main bus station in Tartus, which was immediately followed by two suicide bomb explosions, one inside the bus station and the other in a nearby residential neighbourhood.

At least 48 people were killed in Tartus on Monday. Many of those killed and injured were school children or university students.

Almost simultaneously with the Tartus blasts, militants detonated three car bombs in the city of Jableh. Two of the bombs went off at the main bus station, while the third was deployed near the Electricity Directorate. A fourth attack in the city was carried out by a suicide bomber at the entrance to Jableh National Hospital.

At least 100 people were killed in Jableh. The “Ahrar al-Sham” terrorist group claimed responsibility for the attacks in both cities.

Iran Increases Gas Output by 23bn Cubic Metres: Deputy Oil Minister

By
Golrokh Askarieh
-

 

“Iran’s natural gas output has risen by 23 billion cubic metres over the last year,” Araqi said.

He reiterated that the commencement of the operations in two new phases in the South Pars gas field has helped Iran to increase its gas production.

The rise in Iran’s gas output comes after the development of phases 15 and 16 of South Pars last year, which upped Iranian production by millions of cubic metres per day.

Iran has over 20 projects in South Pars. More than a dozen phases have been made operational; several will be fully developed soon, and the remaining phases are still to be awarded to companies.

The huge offshore field covers an area of 9,700 square km, 3,700 square km of which are in Iran’s territorial waters in the Persian Gulf. The remaining 6,000 square kilometers are situated in Qatar’s territorial waters.

The field is estimated to contain a significant amount of natural gas, accounting for about 8% of the world’s reserves, and approximately 18 billion barrels of condensate.

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

By
IFP Editorial Staff
-
Iran Newspaper front pages

The election of a senior conservative figure, the 89-year-old Ayatollah Ahmad Jannati, as the new chairman of Assembly of Experts, a body in charge of monitoring and choosing Iran’s Leader, was the top story in all Iranian newspapers. Conservative media mostly covered it as a huge success for their camp, and even boasted about their victory.

A motion passed by the Iranian Parliament in the last day of its previous term also received great attention. The bill urges employers to inquire about applicants for “sensitive jobs” by referring to the country’s judiciary, the Intelligence Ministry, and also the Intelligence Organization of the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC), which was newly added to the list.

The ongoing campaigns against ISIS terrorists in Iraq and Syria, and also a vow made by the Iranian Economy Minister Ali Tayyebnia and Governor of Central Bank Valiollah Seif to reduce the inflation rate to less than 10% by summer were also covered by many newspapers.

 

Abrar:

1- Head of Iran’s Hajj and Pilgrimage Organization Heads for Saudi Arabia for 2nd Round of Talks

2- UN Concerned about Civilians of Fallujah

3- Leader: Assembly of Experts Is Responsible for Safeguarding the Establishment’s Islamic and Revolutionary Identity

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Abrar-e Eqtesadi:

1- India Focuses on Developing Iran’s Chabahar Port to Compete with China

2- 3 Conditions for China’s Lasting Position in Iranian Market

3- 113% Increase in South Korea Oil Imports from Iran

4- Iran and Turkey to Launch Joint Industrial Town

5- New Transit Corridor to Be Launched between Persian Gulf and Europe

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Aftab-e Yazd:

1- Young Khomeini Didn’t Show Up, Jannati Elected as Chairman

2- Street Diplomacy: Sisterhood of Iranian Cities with Foreign Ones

3- Popular Welfare Is Rouhani’s Achilles Heel in Next Year’s Presidential Elections

4- Is It True That President’s Brother and Special Aide Has Left Him? Where Are You Hossein Fereydoun?

5- Kayhan Newspaper Angry at Farhadi’s Cannes Success: Those Disappointed by Salesman’s Awards

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Arman-e Emrooz:

1- Police Arrests 4 Female Make-Up Artists; Male Artists in Female-Only Salons

2- 1 Person Executed Last Year for Infiltration: VP

3- Jannati Elected as New Chair of Assembly of Experts

4- Rafsanjani: Formation of Board Members “Very Good” in This Term

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Asia:

1- World Bank to Give $2bn Loan to Iranian SMEs

2- Greeks Invest in Iran’s Exhibitions and Free Zones

3- 5%Economic Growth to Be Realized This Year: Minister

4- Importing Cars from Intermediary Countries Illegal

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Asrar:

1- Last Efforts for Major Pilgrimage

2- Interior Ministry Pursues the Issue of “White Marriage” [couples cohabiting without getting married]

3- Takfiri [Extremist] Groups Disbanded in Iran’s Kordestan

4- IRGC’s Intelligence Organization Becomes a Source of Inquiry [In the last day of its 9th term, Iran’s parliament passed a motion to add the IRGC intelligence body to the list of authorities to be referred to by different official bodies for inquiring about certain employees.]

5- Cannes Success a Source of Pride for Iranian Nation: Gov’t Spokesman

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Asr-e Rasaneh:

1- Iran on Turning Point of Return to Economic Boom: Minister

2- 3500-Year-Old Antiquities Discovered in Andimeshk

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Bani Film:

1- Details of Kiarostami’s New Film in China: Afsaneh Pakroo Only Iranian Actor

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Ebtekar:

1- End of the 9th [Parliament], Beginning of the 5th [Assembly of Experts]

2- Any Cabinet Reshuffle Mere Speculation: Spokesman

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Emtiaz:

1- JCPOA Opens World Markets to Iranian Oil Tankers

2- There Are 1.4m Drug Addicts in Iran: Official

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Etemad:

1- End of Conservative Parliament

2- Ahmadinejad Trying to Return: Senior Conservative Bahonar

3- Divorces Outnumber Marriages

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Ettela’at:

1- This Year Will Be Turning Point for Iran’s Economy: Minister

2- Employment in Sensitive Jobs Requires Inquiries from 3 Separate Bodies

3- Takfiris’ Crimes Have Their Roots in Incorrect Religious Interpretation: Cleric

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Ghanoon:

1- Latest Bill: Intelligence Ministry Number 2 [on the addition of IRGC’s Intelligence Organization to the list of authorities to be inquired of by employers for sensitive jobs]

2- The Last Who Became the First [Jannati was the final member-elect in the Assembly of Experts elections in Tehran, with the least number of votes, but managed to win a majority in the AoE chairman’s election]

3- Moving Forward from Low-Quality Chinese Products to Investment: Iran to Secure Investment of Chinese Businesspeople

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Haft-e Sobh:

1- Ayatollah Jannati, Still: High-Ranking Cleric Still Considered Most Influential Figure among Conservatives

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Hemayat:

1- Revolutionary Choice: Ayatollah Jannati Wins Majority in AoE

2- IRGC Not to Allow Western-Oriented Groups to Make Inroads: Commander

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Iran:

1- Hajj and Pilgrimage Chief Visits Riyadh on Saudi Invitation

2- CBI Chief: For First Time in 25 Years, Inflation Rate Will Go Under 10% This Summer

3- Attack on the Heart of ISIS Begins: Campaign against Takfiri Capital in Syria

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Jame Jam:

1- Revolutionary Experts [Election of Jannati as new head of Assembly of Experts]

2- Shahab Hosseini: From Jame Jam [acting in IRIB TV series] to Cannes

3- Divorce Because of Clash of Clans

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Javan:

1- Elected by People, Trusted by [Assembly of] Experts: Ayatollah Jannati Chosen as AoE Chief with 51 Votes

2- Humiliation of Female Iranian Martial Artist Beaten Up in Armenia

3- Health Ministry: Only 20 People Receive Salaries More than $30,000!

4- What Has [Asghar Farhadi’s] The Salesman Sold?!

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Jomhouri Eslami:

1- Saudi Arabia May Change Its Position on Iranian Hajj Pilgrims

2- Al Khalifa Regime [of Bahrain] Opposes Release of Political Activist’s 17-Month-Old Baby

3- Second Phase of Operation to Free Iraq’s Fallujah Begins

4- Iran and China Sign 7 MoUs to Expand Economic Relations

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Kayhan:

1- The Thorn in the Side of Britain Becomes Chairman of Assembly of Experts

2- All French Refineries Go on Strike

3- US Fighter Jets Bombard Popular Forces in Fallujah

4- George Soros’ Investment: From Colour Revolutions to Selling JCPOA

5- Why Ayatollah Jannati [Was Elected as Chief of Experts Assembly]

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Khorasan:

1- Americans’ Claims on Reluctance of European Banks to Do Business with Iran Is an Excuse: CBI Chief

2- Clinton’s Edge over Trump Down from 11% to 3%: Wall Street Journal

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Resalat:

1- IRGC Ready to Change Global Balance of Power: Commander

2- Grand Ayatollah Urges Science Ministry to Prevent Brain Drain

3- ISIS under Fire: Most Villages in Fallujah Liberated

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Roozan:

1- Ahmadinejad: Unreliable Player or Winning Card?

2- Conservatives Will Fail Even with Ahmadinejad: Analyst

3- Last Member-Elect in Tehran Chosen as Head of Assembly of Experts

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Shahrvand:

1- Story of Iranian Sisters Beaten Up in Cage: 8 Boys and 3 Girls from Iran Take Part in Violent MMA Competition [in Armenia]

2- Victim’s Mother Forgives Murderer Only If He Gives up Drugs

3- Final Selfies of MPs

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Shargh:

1- It’s Finally Over: Review of 9th Parliament’s Performance

2- Ayatollah Jannati Ranked First

3- Political Death of Economic OPEC: Interview with Iran’s Ex-Envoy

4- Dispute over A Gallery as Big as a City: Conservatives’ Attack, Reformists’ Defence

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Shorou:

1- 75% of MPs Bid Farewell to Parliament

2- Cabinet Needs Major Changes Given Poor Performance of Some Ministers

3- The Dangers of Finding Spouses Online

4- Dark Shadow of White Marriage!

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Sobh-e Now:

1- General Soleimani, Mastermind behind Fallujah Liberation

2- Shahrzad TV Series, A Representation of Modern Love

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Vatan-e Emrooz:

1- Say It Again: Jannati [The headline mocks the reformist leader’s famous expression, I say it again, vote for all members of the List of Hope, which was believed to be a major driving force behind the reformist performance in recent elections]

2- Majority Vote of Experts Assembly for Ayatollah Jannati’s Presidency Reveals Truth about February 26 Elections Results

3- Holocaust Exhibition Manager: They Talk about It without Visiting

4- Progress in Fallujah: A Few Days until Mission Accomplished

 

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on May 25

 

 

Dutch Company to Assist Iranian Oil Terminal Renovation

By
Golrokh Askarieh
-

Seyyed Pirouz Mousavi told Mehr on Tuesday May 24 that boosting oil income and exports was a government priority, and oil terminals played an important role. “The harbouring of foreign oil tankers has almost doubled in Iran’s terminals in the post-JCPOA period; we recently broke the daily exports record,” he added.

“Removal of sanctions was crucial for raising crude oil production; the IOTC is the last link in the chain of oil and gas production,” said Mousavi, who announced the company’s plans to renew oil infrastructure and facilities. “More than 100 major the oil facilities overhauls have been completed, which has greatly improved the company’s oil production and export resources.”

Mousavi then announced that a Dutch contractor company had been commissioned to participate in the renovation of Iran’s oil terminals and facilities, oil restoration facilities, and tanker loading buoys, saying, “Some facilities are Dutch-made and accordingly, we invite their participation and contribution in the project.”

The Kharg oil terminal has two wharfs (known as T-wharf on the eastern side and Azarpad on the western side) which are responsible for 90% of the country’s oil exports.

Jazmourian Wetland Under Threat

By
IFP Editorial Staff
-

It is the sole major water source in Kerman Province, but has been grappling with complete desertification in recent years. Besides taking a toll on the livelihood of local communities that depend on the wetland, the drying up of Jazmourian has turned the lagoon into one of the 26 sources of dust storms in the province. The wetland is responsible for 25% of all the particulate matter in dust storms that originate in Iran, according to Massoumeh Ebtekar, the head of the Department of Environment.

Ebtekar wrote that “upgrading agricultural irrigation techniques and sealing illegal wells” are necessary to ensure the wetland’s water rights are upheld.
Stating that restoring Jazmourian “is a top government priority,” she said the ministries of energy and agriculture must join the effort to revive the wetland.

In local dialect ‘Jaz’ means ‘plants’ and ‘Mourian’ means ‘plenty’, thus its name means a land with plentiful flora. In its prime, the wetland hosted countless migratory birds and was home to numerous marine species. Today, in these photos from IRNA, it is clear to see the struggle faced by the local communities and the ecosystem itself.

Text a composite from Financial Tribune, IRNA and IFP. Images courtesy of IRNA.

 

Tayyebnia and Seif Positive about Growth Rates and Inflation

By
IFP Media Wire
-

IFP: Economic Minister Ali Tayyebnia and Governor of the Central Bank of Iran Valiollah Seif both addressed the 26th Annual Conference on Monetary and Exchange Rate Policies, held in Tehran on May 24. Tayyebnia spoke about the problems and opportunities facing the economy as it emerges from sanctions, with a detailed look at the banking sector and SMEs, as well as warning against political interference derailing the economic recovery. Seif addressed the issue of inflation, announcing that the rate will soon be less than 10%, down from a 2013 high of over 40%.

 

Mohammad Affianian reports, for the Financial Tribune.

 

 As Iran is slowly moving closer to the single-digit inflation after years of hyperinflation havoc, policy and decision makers are focused on stimulating growth and creating jobs for the younger generation.

However, cautiousness about sustaining the hard-won success of taming inflation makes the economic team of President Hassan Rouhani think twice before embarking on any quantitative easing program.
Exploring such themes were the main points of debate at the opening day of the 26th Annual Conference on Monetary and Exchange Rate Policies in Tehran on Tuesday May 24.  It brought together senior bankers, officials and financial experts for one of the most important events of the year.
Other themes of the event included: “Integration of the financial system,” “Establishing effective corporate governance,” “Exploring ways to facilitate the principles of the ‘Resistance Economy,’” and “New methods of financing the economy,”
Minister of Economy Ali Tayyebnia said the two most urgent issues for the government are tackling the credit crunch and reducing government debt, estimated at 1 quadrillion Rials ($29bn) only to the banking system.
“The other priorities are overhauling the banking system and financing SMEs through loans,” he said.
Sounding an optimistic note for the economy in the current fiscal year that started in March, Tayyebnia said conditions are in place to achieve the oft-mentioned 5% GDP growth.
“This year marks the beginning of the end of the zero growth era, as the country is in a unique position to achieve decent growth and generate jobs,” he said.
Tayyebnia, a close aide and confidante of the president, elaborated on the unique position, saying that domestic manufacturing will certainly be helped by factors including the landmark nuclear deal signed in January between Iran and world powers; the positive macroeconomic outlook forecast by leading international institutions and local economists; and the strong momentum shared by key players in embracing Resistance Economy.
Resistance Economy is a series of tenets proposed by Leader Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei to curb reliance on oil export revenues, empowering domestic producers and diversifying non-oil exports. Since the guidelines released in February 2014, the Rouhani administration has come up with plans to help achieve these goals and make the economy resistant to and resilient against external shocks.

Serious Concerns

Tayyebnia sounded the alarm on some issues that he said could create serious challenges to economic growth and stability. In particular, he warned about “political polarization” which could put factional interest before national economic prosperity.
“I plead with all political factions not to take aim at the country’s economic and business climate to score political points and make electoral gains,” he said, warning of the potential divisiveness that could lead to acrimonious behaviour ahead of the next presidential election in 2017.
He also expressed concern about insidious attitudes to cast doubts on the positive economic landscape this year, saying it could derail efforts to finance businesses and achieve sustainable growth rates — two pressing needs of the struggling economy emerging from years of international sanctions and endemic mismanagement, not to mention rampant corruption.
He considered the high cost of borrowing money, the faltering conditions of local banks and their balance sheets, the flow of bank resources into unproductive sectors, and the high ratio of bad loans and toxic assets, which account for 42% of banks’ total resources, as the most pressing issues of the banking system and the economy at large.

Tackling Inflation

Governor of the Central Bank of Iran Valiollah Seif, the second keynote speaker at Tuesday’s event, announced that the country will tame inflation and reduce it to single digits by the end of summer.
Inflation has declined from 40.4% in October 2013 to 11.2% this April. The progress was largely due to the government decision to stop using resources of the CBI and other banks to fund development projects, he said.
“Our main objective is now to preserve the low inflation rate and keep it at that level,” Seif said, adding that CBI monetary policy is in line with greater economic needs. He reiterated the CBI’s commitment to and belief in prioritizing the financing of SMEs and upholding monetary discipline.
On the sharp decline in crude oil prices over the past two years, Seif expressed satisfaction that a damper had been put on the related difficulties, thanks to the lifting of the sanctions and the CBI’s monetary policies. Despite the problems emanating from cheap oil, “Signs of economic recovery became visible last winter and are expected to gather pace this year.”

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