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Islamic Architecture Deeply Rooted in Iranian Culture, Art: Swiss Expert

Professor Thomas Meyer-Wieser is a prominent architect who has spent a long time on Islamic culture and civilisation. According to him, a book named “Iran: Architectural Guide” is the result of the activities and trips he made to Iran.

He is very fascinated by the architecture of Iran and, of course, the people living in this country. What follows is the translation of an interview conducted by the Persian-language news website Honar Online, on the occasion of National Architecture Day, with this prominent Swiss professor who speaks very fervently about Iran and its civilisation:

Q: Please introduce yourself and tell us more about yourself.

A:  I am an architect and urban planner. I majored in architecture and urban planning and graduated from the Zurich ETH University. Since the time I was a student, I was very interested in the architecture and urban planning of the Muslim world. I also studied at the University of Architecture and Urban Development in Urbino, Italy in 1978, and I spent my internship at the Modam Company in Tehran.

In 1979, along with the UNESCO team, I worked on the Sassanid Qal’eh Dokhtar fortified palace in the city of Firuzabad in Iran’s Fars province, and from 1980 to 1984, I was an associate professor of Thomas Oswald at ETH. In 2009, I established my own company in the field of architectural and cultural activities, and from 1995 to 2005, I was in Switzerland teaching landscape architecture.

Q: When was the first time you came to Iran?

A: It was in 1979. My plan was to go to India after Iran and stay in India for one year, but Iran and Afghanistan were so attractive to me that I went to India after a year. I travelled to Iran because I had to go through an internship program under the Swiss training system. Accordingly, I chose Iran for my internship. I think I was 20 or 22 when I began to explore Iran. After working with the UNESCO team in rebuilding Qal’eh Dokhtar, I got more interested in Iran, and since then I have been coming to Iran at least once a year. I met with Dr Hosna Pourhashemi at Zurich’s ETH in 2011. Since then, with her collaboration, we brought about 14 European and Swiss groups of architects and urban planners to Iran and introduced them to Iran’s historical and natural places.

Q: What specific feature of Iran made you interested in the country?

A: The most important factor that attracted me to Iran was the people. Apart from its unique architecture, I had a good sense of the Iranian people. I really feel good here.

Q: How did you decide to write the book “Iran: Architectural Guide”?

A: I first wrote a book about Cairo, and then I went to the Museum of Islamic Arts in Switzerland where I got the idea to write a book on Iran. I started to write the German version of the book. I cannot say how long it took to write the book, but the process of writing, designing the pages and editing took about three months.

Q: What do you think is the most amazing structure that exists in Iran, and why it was attractive and wonderful to you?

A: If I want to talk about the design of a city, I will name the Shushtar New Town, designed by Mr Kamran Diba. New Shushtar’s design is a modern urban design. I think Mr Diba’s project is the culmination of the modern art of Iranian artists. Even those who do not have any information about architecture will be attracted by the design of this town.

Q: Islamic architecture does not just exist in Iran, and the Persian Gulf states have special Islamic architectures. What is the unique feature of Iranian architecture?

A: In my recent speech in Tehran, I have talked about this issue and the interactions that have taken place between Islam and various countries. When the Arab caliphs came to Iran to conquer the country, good things happened to both sides. Iran did not have the printing industry at that time, and it profited from the Arabs, and the Arabs did not have administrative, managerial, and cultural system, and they learned it from Iranians. Therefore, because of Iran’s rich culture, we can say almost all the things that exist in Islamic architecture are rooted in Iran and the Iranian culture.

Q: Are you working on any new research project or book about Iran?

A: I cannot say anything at the moment, but I would like to write separate books about the cities of Tehran and Isfahan.

Regional Peace Not Possible Unless US Leaves Mideast: Iran

Addressing a ceremony on Wednesday, Rouhani blamed the wrong policies of the US for most of the regional problems and said the US thinks that the region should be under its control and the White House should decide for the Middle East.

In a direct address to Washington, Rouhani said “you ask for money to remain in Syria and threaten to leave the country if there is no further money. You boast of protecting Iraq but Iraq is protected by Iraqi nation not you,” the Persian-language Iranian Students’ News Agency (ISNA) reported.

He called the US the main source of instability in the region and underlined that the region will become secure only if the US leaves it.

“You have provided Saudi Arabia with warplanes and sophisticated weapons to establish security in the region but what we see today is that the region is now far from security,” he added.

The president further criticised Washington for its violations of the Iran nuclear deal. He said the US has failed to live up to its commitments under the landmark agreement, and thus does not have the right to talk about its future.

Rouhani also mocked his US counterpart Donald Trump for calling the deal ‘flawed’, saying the US should have not signed the accord if it was terribly bad.

He noted that the deal proved that Washington’s claims about Tehran’s nuclear program were sheer lies.

“We proved our goodwill under the JCPOA and showed how wrong the Iranophobia propaganda is. You have violated your commitments under the deal in various ways including discouraging people from investing in Iran.”

President Rouhani blamed his American counterpart for not being familiar with politics and the international law and added Trump talks about the Iran deal from a real estate mogul’s point of view.

He underlined that Iran is after constructive cooperation with the world not only in nuclear field but also other areas and said “as we have said repeatedly, a win-win solution is the best way to remove the problems.”

Armenians in Iran Mark Anniversary of Armenian Genocide

A number of Christian clergymen, officials of the Armenian Caliphate Council, and Christian citizens of Isfahan attended the gathering.

In 1915, leaders of the Turkish government set in motion a plan to expel and massacre Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire. Though reports vary, most sources agree that there were about 2 million Armenians in the Ottoman Empire at the time of the massacre.

By the early 1920s, when the massacres and deportations finally ended, some 1.5 million of Turkey’s Armenians were dead, with many more forcibly removed from the country. Today, most historians call this event genocide – a premeditated and systematic campaign to exterminate an entire people.

However, the Turkish government does not acknowledge the enormity or scope of these events. Despite pressure from Armenians and social justice advocates throughout the world, it is still illegal in Turkey to talk about what happened to Armenians during this era.

What follows are ISNA’s photos of the ceremony held in Isfahan to commemorate the genocide:

Tehran, Ankara Agree on Repatriation of 700 Iranian Inmates

In remarks made on Wednesday, Abbasi noted that over the past years, the Islamic Republic has started concerted efforts to repatriate Iranian inmates from a number of countries.

He pointed to the Justice Ministry’s active judicial diplomacy since the beginning of the new Iranian calendar year on March 20th, and said, “283 Iranian inmates in Turkmenistan were repatriated in exchange for 4 Turkmen inmates in Iran in the wake of the visit of Iranian President Hassan Rouhani to the country.”

The Persian-language Iranian Students’ News Agency (ISNA) quoted him as saying that over the past weeks, five Iranian inmates in Afghanistan have been transferred to Iran and the Justice Ministry is seeking to repatriate 47 Iranian prisoners in Kuwait.

“We have 700 inmates in Turkey. A preliminary agreement has already been reached to repatriate them in exchange for a number of Turkish inmates in Iran,” he said.

Abbasi further noted that Iran and Brazil have also signed four judicial treaties including extradition of inmates.

He underlined that Iran is expected to sign similar treaties with an Arab state in the near future and noted arrangements are underway for signing further treaties with other states.

Oliver Stone Blasts Western Media for Portraying Negative Image of Putin

In response to a question about his view on President Putin, Stone described him as a great politician who has been at the upper echelons of power in Russia over the past 18 years.

“For the Putin Interviews, I held conversation with Putin for more than 30 hours. He never asked me to give him the questions in advance and also never asked for any changes to the final product,” he noted in an address to a workshop for filmmakers from across the world in Tehran.

Stone, who is visiting Iran to attend Fajr International Film Festival, blamed Western media for portraying a negative image of Putin and said unfortunately media in the West is dominated by biased ideologies. “During the interviews, I tried to behave as a filmmaker not a journalist.”

Touching on his film Snowden, he said “I like to make movies which others are not interested in making them. Snowden is one of these films. In the US and even other parts of the world, there is an urgent need for whistle-blowers like Snowden.”

He underlined that due to the controversial theme of the film, he and his crew failed to convince leading broadcasting companies to screen the film. “Since Snowden is among the unfavourable figures of the Americans, we had poor sales in the US.”

He said most Americans have a negative view of Snowden because he has disclosed the country’s secret information. “In the governmental circles, he is called the violator of the US Constitution.”

In response to a question on how much freedom he has in producing anti-US films in America, he said some people in the US and even Iran think that “I’ve not been killed yet because I’m a CIA agent. But so far, I’ve not even met a CIA officer. It goes without saying that the CIA is seeking to exert its influence on my films through its deep influence in Hollywood.”

Stone said he is going to respond to many questions raised about Hollywood mechanisms in his autobiography to be released soon.

“Today, despite the growing penetration of the cyberspace into our societies, there is no understanding of the extent of the knowledge that the governments have about their people. We should prepare ourselves for the worst-case scenarios. The cyberspace has provided the governments with unlimited power. Their military budgets have increased drastically at the cost of social budgets,” he was quoted as saying in a report by the Persian-language Fars News Agency.

Stone went on to say that today the world is the scene of costly cyber wars and added the US holds the leadership of the cyberspace as the fifth pillar of its army. “The private companies pay money for information and sometimes the government secretly collaborates with them.”

He referred to the former first lady’s live remote appearance from the White House in 2013 at the Oscar ceremony to announce the year’s best-picture winner (Argo) and said the event showed how deep the relations between Washington and Hollywood are.

In response to a question raised by a Chinese student about Stone’s interest in making a film in China, the American film director said his plan to make films in China has been rejected due to the censorship in the country.

On how he leads the casting process of his films, Stone said he always picks up actors and actresses who are attractive to the audience. “The viewers should enjoy watching the actors and actresses of your movie. I’m really wondering how on earth many Iranian and Indian filmmakers pick up boring actors and actresses but win awards in international film festivals!.”

Asked by an Iranian student about the historical distortions in his movie Alexander (2004), Stone said he made the movie based on his own interpretation of history.

“Nobody can say what has happened exactly in the ancient times. Of course, I must confess that I made the film in a bad time. A short while after the film, the Bush administration waged a war against Iraq and I didn’t know what was going to unfold next. Meanwhile, the Warner Brothers Company edited the film in line with its own interests, cutting about 26 minutes of the original film. I advise you to watch the complete copy edited by me.”

Oliver Stone Blasts Western Media for Portraying Negative Image of PutinThree-times Oscar winner briefly visited the historical city of Isfahan in central Iran before hosting the workshop for filmmakers in Tehran.

Stone is best known for his films on controversial themes including Platoon, Scarface, Born on the Fourth of July, and Natural Born Killers.

He has already produced two documentaries about Latin American politics: Comandante (2003) about Cuban dictator Fidel Castro, and South of the Border (2009) which focused on several other left-wing leaders, notably Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez.

The legendary director also created Untold History of the United States (2012). It is a 10-part television documentary on the American political history.

In 2007, Iran’s former President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad rejected a proposal by Stone to make a film about him.

In 2012, Stone’s son Sean Stone visited Iran and converted to Shiite Islam.

 

Oliver Stone Blasts Western Media for Portraying Negative Image of Putin

Iran to Build 100 Movie Theatres This Year: Minister

Seyyed Abbas Salehi said cultural centers inject fresh blood into the society and expressed hope the new developments could lead to inspiring events in the cultural area.

“We first need to open further cultural centers across the country and then take full advantages of them,” the minister was quoted as saying in a Farsi report by Fars News Agency.

He then called for attracting public investments in the cultural area and noted the plans to open further movie theatres across Iran reveals that the ground is prepared for cultural projects and the government needs to put its focus on them.

Iranian films in recent decades have garnered international fame and now enjoy a global following. Along with China, Iran has been lauded as one of the best exporters of cinema in the 1990s.

Some critics now rank Iran as the world’s most important national cinema, artistically, with a significance that invites comparison to Italian neorealism and similar movements in past decades. A range of international film festivals have honoured Iranian cinema, particularly in the last twenty years.

Iranian MPs Issue Statement to Express Support for IRGC

The statement says that the anniversary reminds every one of the efforts made by the organisation to defend the country, nation and the Islamic Republic during the past forty years.

“The formation of IRGC was aimed at preserving the revolution and the nation of Iran against the military, cultural, and political plots of the enemies,” read the statement, as reported by ICANA.

“Over the past 40 years, the IRGC has defended the Islamic Revolution against the military and cultural invasion as well as political conspiracies.”

The Iranian MPs have also hailed the significant role of the IRGC during the 8-year imposed war, their advisory role in Syria against the plots of US, Saudi Arabia, and Israel, as well as their constant efforts in reconstructing the country next to their cultural, social, security role in the country.

Reiterating their support for the IRGC, these lawmakers have called on the authorities of the country to frustrate the enemies, especially the Zionists, the US and Al Saud, by helping this popular entity.

It’s Time for World Powers to Stop Hegemonic Illusions: Iran

Zarif made the remarks while addressing the 72nd High-level Meeting on Peace building and Sustaining Peace at United Nations Headquarters in New York on Tuesday.

“Conflict prevention requires focusing on the root causes, including the mutually reinforcing afflictions of occupation, foreign intervention and extremism. Additionally, advancing hegemonic illusions or attempting to achieve security at the expense of others through exclusion and block formations, have invariably caused tension and conflict, and led to destructive arms races,” he added.

Zarif also noted that Persian Gulf countries must join forces in order to maintain regional peace instead of trying to become regional powers.

The Iranian foreign minister further called for the establishment of a “Regional Dialogue Forum” and the establishment of new security networks aimed a replacing current national security blocs.

“It is crucial to now shift to a new paradigm based on joining forces to create strong regions, instead of anyone seeking to be the strongest in our region. And shifting from forming security blocks to accepting security networking. Both are predicated on respect for the interest of all stakeholders–large and small–coupled with a win-win philosophy. In the current inter-connected world, no country’s security can be assured at the expense of others,” he noted.

On Monday, Zarif said that era of zero sum games is long gone while addressing the Council on Foreign Relations on Monday in New York.

“In the wars of 20th and 21st centuries, there are no winners; only the degree and amount of loss will be different. In the globalized era… you cannot have security at the expense of insecurity of others,” he said, adding, “The era of hegemonic influence is long gone.”

He added that Saudi Arabia is trying to introduce Iran as a regional threat, while adding that more dialogue is needed among regional states.

Iran, Germany Stress Political Settlement of Syria Crisis

In the Tuesday meeting in New York, the two top diplomats conferred on the situation in Syria and emphasised the need to make efforts to restore stability to the Arab country through political talks.

They also rejected any military solution to the crises in the Middle East.

Accordingly, Zarif and Maas discussed Syria while stressing the trend of Astana talks as well as a peaceful and political settlement of the crisis in the country.

In addition to regional and international issues, the two foreign ministers underlined the need to enhance bilateral relations and mutual cooperation on different fronts.

They further discussed the future of the Iran nuclear deal and the necessity of more efforts and commitment on the part of European countries to preserve it.

Among other key topics on the agenda were upcoming trips to the US by European leaders and their attempts to maintain the nuclear agreement as well as the need for them to make all parties to the deal fully live up to their obligations under the JCPOA.

Iran, Germany Stress Political Settlement of Syria Crisis

 

Zarif, UN Chief Rule Out Military Option in Syria

Later in the day, Zarif also met with UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres.

High on the agenda of the talks were the developments in the Middle East, especially the situation of Syria and Yemen, and the UN’s role in helping restore peace and stability to the region through political dialogue.

The two sides also rejected any military solution to the crises in the region.

The UN chief further expressed his support for efforts to preserve the Iran nuclear deal while stressing the need for all signatories to the deal to make good on their obligations under the agreement.

Iran Offers Condolences on Martyrdom of Yemeni Official

In a statement on Tuesday, Qassemi condoled with his family, Yemeni people and members of the Council.

Pointing to the three-year resistance of the brave and patient people of Yemen, Qassemi said the Yemeni nation will soon reap the fruits of their resistance and endeavours against the aggressors.

Samad was killed in Hodeidah on Yemen’s west coast.

The leader of the Houthi movement, Abdul Malik al-Houthi, said in a televised speech on Monday that Samad’s death will have severe consequences for Saudi Arabia.