The level of infringement relates to the similarity between the deceptive similar mark and original trademarks. A trademark lawyer can offer trademark search services, to avoid registration of a trademark similar or identical to the registered mark. A lawyer in UAE can also offer services to report a trademark infringement and to maintain the protection of the trademark.

Trademark Protection in UAE

Every company requires to protect its trademark from infringement. Trademark protection refers to protecting the trademark rights from counterfeiting and infringement.  There are a few points that can be taken into consideration to prevent infringement of the trademark.

1. A trademark can be protected, if the mark is continuously in use
2. An extensive research must be conducted under different classes to make sure your mark is not used by others if so, a legal action can be brought against the alleged party.
3. A strong trademark can be efficiently protected. If the strength of the mark is low, it has more chances of being infringed.
4. The trademark must not create any confusion between the brands among the consumers. This can affect the strength of the trademark.

Initial steps to prevent a Trademark Infringement in UAE

1. Legal Notice

Legal notice can be served to the alleged person infringing your registered and protected trademark.  The legal notice can be in the form of a ‘Cease and Desist’ Letter that informs the alleged party to stop the illegal and unauthorized use of the previously registered trademark and not to resume the usage in the future.

2. File a case

A case can be filed to the Ministry of Economy, wherein a committee handles trademark infringement cases. The judge of the committee can declare their decision in the case. If the claimant does not agree with the decision; the claimant may bring an appeal of the decision to the Court of First Instance, after which a further appeal can be heard in the Court of Appeal. The decision of the Court of Appeal can be appealed to the Court of Cassation. However, the judgement passed in the Court of Cassation will be final and binding on both parties.

In both these methods, it is advisable to appoint a trademarks litigation lawyer that can assist you with the arbitration and litigation process.

6 possible defenses for an alleged Infringement

1. If the defendant has used the trademark previously in commerce
2. If the previously registered trademark is Generic or Descriptive mark, the alleged party must file a case on the grounds of illegal registration against the previous trademark
3. If the defendant has previously registered the trademark in a foreign country
4. If the alleged party is authorized to use or has a consent from the concerned party that holds the rights of the previous trademark.
5. If the defendant can prove the ‘Distinctiveness’ of the mark from other goods and services.
6. If the defendant has registered and used the mark in good faith, the case of infringement can be defended under fair use.

Penalties imposed by law for Infringement in UAE

The following Articles of the Federal Law No 37 of 1992, specify the penalties imposed on the party for infringement.

• Article 37, 38, and 43 govern the penalties that are applied to the party declared in infringement with a previously registered and protected trademark.
• Article 37 highlights that the alleged party may be sentenced to imprisonment and a fine of not less than AED 5000 if the party has counterfeited, infringed or imitated a registered trademark that can mislead the public. This is also applicable if the party has acted in bad faith and offers for sale the product bearing the forged or counterfeited trademark in commerce.
• Article 38 focuses on an imprisonment period for maximum one year and a fine amount between AED 5000 to AED 10000, if the party has used a non-registerable mark in the market or even on any paper that leads to the belief that the mark is registered will be subject to the above penalty.
• By Article 43, all the goods bearing the illegal trademark will be confiscated and may be destructed. The Court may also publish the above judgements in newspapers to retrieve the goodwill of the previously registered trademarks.

Remedies offered to a party after Infringement of their trademark in UAE

• Injunction
• Seizure, confiscation, and destruction of the goods
• The party that has incurred damages due to infringement may claim a suitable compensation for the damages he incurred.
• Penalties incurred on the infringer
• Temporary closure of the business for a minimum of 15 days and a maximum of 6 months.

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This question is asked by all students who are going to study abroad and answering it can be much more difficult than it seems. Students have the widest choice of cities in which excellent conditions for youth are created.

However, often studying abroad can be doubly difficult, especially when the foreign country you’re in speaks the language you’re not familiar with. Therefore students need a cheap custom essay writing service, where professionals are ready to help and get your papers done fast. Well, in this article we will talk about 10 cities that were recognized as the best for the life and study of students.

1. Montreal, Canadasource: unsplash.com

Multicultural and multilingual Montreal is the best city for international students. Here are the best universities in Canada, open and tolerant people live. And also, Montreal is considered the cultural capital of French-speaking Canada, many historical sights have been preserved here, film festivals and music shows are held. Students in Montreal can expect all the advantages of living in a modern metropolis with excellent infrastructure and a variety of entertainment.

2. Paris, France

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For 4 years, Paris led the ranking of student cities in the world, and this year it took 2nd place, remaining, however, the best city in Europe for young people. Despite the fact that living in Paris is not a cheap pleasure, the cost of training in the city is relatively low. Having gone to study in Paris, you will enjoy living in an international city with a rich history and culture, in which interesting events, festivals, concerts and sporting events constantly take place. And here, you will definitely become a fan of French cuisine!

3. London, UK

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London is another European capital, about which, perhaps, everything has already been said. For centuries, students from different countries have come to London for a fundamental education, which is valued throughout the world. Today, first-class universities in the city offer students expensive, but high-quality and interesting education. London itself is a unique combination of history and modernity, giving chances for development in all possible directions. No wonder this city is so popular among talented and ambitious people of different nationalities.

4. Seoul, South Korea

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One of the main advantages of Seoul, thanks to which it won a place in the Top 5 student cities rating, is the activity of employers. Due to the excellent reputation of Seoul universities among local and foreign employers, their graduates can boast of quick and successful employment, as well as high salaries. In addition, Seoul is known as a modern Asian metropolis, where life is in full swing 24/7.

5. Melbourne, Australia

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Melbourne regularly holds high positions in all ratings of cities in the world. It is not surprising, because, in addition to a high standard of living, Melbourne enjoys magnificent beaches, security, a wonderful climate, and excellent infrastructure. And also, this city is sure to appeal to lovers of nightlife and entertainment. It is important to note that the student community of Melbourne is one of the most diverse in the world. Here you can make friends with people of completely different nationalities and cultures.

6. Berlin, Germany

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While Germany is becoming an increasingly important player in the arena of international education, its capital is also becoming an increasingly popular and attractive student city. It has developed the financial and economic sector, industry and trade, culture, art, and design. In short, students have the widest opportunities for study and development in various fields. An undoubted advantage of student life in Berlin is its accessibility. Despite the fact that we are talking about the great European capital, the cost of living here is relatively low, and tuition at state universities is free even for foreigners.

7. Tokyo, Japan

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Being the second Asian metropolis in the Top 10 ranking, Tokyo offers foreigners an absolutely unique student experience. This city is suitable for those who are interested in Japanese culture and are ready to plunge into a completely different lifestyle. From the financial sector to contemporary art and design, in Tokyo, you can get an excellent education in English and build a successful career. In addition, according to QS experts, Tokyo ranks first in terms of employer activity and is also one of the “most desirable” cities for international students.

8. Boston, USA

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Boston is the only American city to be in the top ten student cities. There are a number of prestigious and world-famous universities, and the vast student community of Boston makes it a truly youthful and vibrant city. At the same time, the spirit of history is felt here, and long-standing academic traditions reign. Living and studying in Boston is expensive, but it is here that you can feel the real American student atmosphere, at its best, and also get a diploma that will be extremely popular among employers.

9. Munich, Germany

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The beer capital of the world, Munich, combines the accessibility of study and accommodation with excellent job prospects and high salaries. Being the capital of picturesque Bavaria, the city is ideal for lovers of nature, history, and travel. Munich is also a major industrial, financial, research and computer center in Europe. Universities of the city provide a first-class education to foreign students, many of whom remain to live and work in Germany, being extremely popular among employers.

10. Vancouver, Canada

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Like Germany, Canada can boast of two cities that are in the Top 10 QS Best Student Cities ranking. Surrounded by mountains and picturesque landscapes, Vancouver invariably attracts students who want to not only get a high-quality North American education but also actively engage in sports in the fresh air. Winter sports are very developed here, and the best ski resorts are located. University students of Vancouver live a rich and interesting life, the city has many clubs and bars, theaters and museums.

Sum up

Which city is best for studying? For each set of parameters is individual. The ranking of the best student cities in the world QS Best Student Cities is designed to facilitate your choice. Cities of different countries are evaluated according to a variety of criteria, including the availability of rating universities, the cost of training, the level of security and internationality, quality of life, etc. Of course, it is impossible to find the perfect university city, but we hope that among those that we mentioned above, you will find something for yourself.

In this article, we are going to get an intricate look into the challenges many business people face when forming companies.

Let’s delve into specifics.

• Rules and regulations

There are various rules and regulations that govern company registration in Hungary. The amount of paperwork involved from manufacturing to product standards, as well as transportation, can be daunting. Most business owners are a bit overwhelmed but can succeed with a little outside help from business associates, friends, and family.

• Capitalization

Capitalization is a major problem with start-ups. Generating enough money to ensure a start-up is off the ground is a tedious and overwhelming task.

At the formation stage, a company needs capital for infrastructure, hiring employees, production, and marketing your products and services. What’s more, more money is needed to sustain the company until it is generating enough profit to sustain itself.

As such, business owners need to explore all the financial options available to finance their companies.

• Poor market research

Most aspiring business people are exhilarated about starting a company that they pay little attention to market research.

Doing thorough market research has the following advantages:

1. It allows a business owner to have a better understanding of their target market
2. You acquire more knowledge of your competitors and have a clearer picture of how they approach the market.

• Helps you detect growth opportunities

To achieve this and more, a business owner should team up with independent marketing experts to make sure they have a realistic marketing plan.

• Taxes

In every country, taxes are unavoidable, and there are laws that govern them. The consequences of failing to pay taxes include hefty penalties and possible jail term. If you are a business owner and do not have the expertise or time to do this compulsory task, you can hire the services of a Certified Public Accountant.

• Finding good employees

It is said that good employees are a company’s greatest asset. However, bad employees are a recipe for disaster and will most likely cause a business to fail.

To get employees, post an advert on various carrier-building platforms or seek the services of employment bureaus. However, this is not enough. Since you are looking for productive, loyal, pro-active, and dedicated people, a thorough vetting process will get you the employees you need.

• Proper management

Not every entrepreneur has great managerial attributes. As such, getting the proper management team goes a long way in determining the success of your company.

A great managerial staff will help the company achieve group goals and increase the efficiency of employees and other company processes. Also, they create a dynamic organization by conforming to the changing trends of the market.

However, getting the ideal team is not as easy as it sounds. Business owners must put much effort into hiring individuals with leadership qualities.