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Iran President Mocks Trump’s Secret Visit to Iraq

rouhani

Speaking in a Cabinet meeting on Wednesday, Hassan Rouhani described Trump’s visit on the eve of Christmas as ridiculous.

“You secretly enter a small military base … take photos with several soldiers, deliver a short speech and after one or two hours depart Iraq,” Rouhani said.

Rouhani noted the trip shows the US interventions in the region, particularly it’s 2003 invasion of Iraq, have brought nothing but shame for the US.

“These show you have been unsuccessful. This means you were defeated. This means the Iraqi people are angry with you,” he said.

The Iranian president further mentioned that Trump will not dare to appear among Iraqis or even visit Lebanon, Syria or Yemen, which means the US is highly unpopular among nations in the region.

“I hope [Americans] will learn these lessons and stop interfering in these nations’ affairs … particularly Palestine … and start respecting law,” he underlined.

On December 26, Trump spent a few hours at al-Asad Air Base in Iraq’s western Anbar Province, but did not visit the capital Baghdad.

Afterwards, a scheduled meeting between Trump and Iraqi Premier Adil Abdul-Mahdi was scrapped and they only talked over the phone.

Days later, Trump acknowledged the security concerns about visiting Iraq.

“Pretty sad when you spend $7 trillion in the Middle East, and going in has to be under this massive cover with planes all over and all of the greatest equipment in the world, and you do everything to get in safely,” tweeted Trump.

Iranian Intelligence Deals New Blow to Israel’s Shin Bet, Journalist Says

Hossein Dalirian, a national security journalist, made the statement in an article published by Tasnim News Agency, pointing to recent remarks by an Iranian intelligence official revealing that Israeli Premier Benjamin Netanyahu fears Israeli officials could be connected to Iran, just like Gonen Segev.

Segev, a former Israeli energy minister, was handed to Israel in June 2018, after being detained in Equatorial Guinea in May on espionage charges.

His arrest grabbed headlines across media, seen as a victory for Iran in its intelligence war with Israel.

The director-general for the anti-espionage section of Iran’s Intelligence Ministry said in a statement published by Iranian media two weeks ago that Netanyahu has given Israeli security services a confidential order to check if Israeli officials, lawmakers and security personnel had connections with Iranians in the past six months.

The Iranian official revealed the information while responding to remarks by Netanyahu that Israeli security agents periodically visit Iran to monitor the country’s nuclear program.

The official, who was not named, rejected Netanyahu’s remarks, saying he had made the false assertion because he is under immense pressure to respond to Iran’s victory in Segev case.

Sign of Creeping Infiltration

Dalirian said Iran’s access to the confidential order indicates Iran’s creeping infiltration into the high ranks of the Israel’s government.

“Certainly, Netanyahu’s order on monitoring activities of high-ranking Israeli officials, possibly to gather new evidence regarding Segev’s case, has been issued without any official being aware,” he said.

“This is Iran’s second blow to the Israeli intelligence,” he added.

According to investigations made by the Shit Bet, Segev first contacted officials in the Iranian embassy in Nigeria in 2012 before visiting Iran twice.

The Shin Bet said Segev had given Iranian handlers information on Israel’s energy sector, security sites and introduced Iranians to Israeli officials as businessmen.

The news was soon confirmed by Iran’s intelligence minister Mahmoud Alavi, who said Iran had employed a top member of the Israeli government.

Later, the Israeli media report the former minister has admitted spying for Iran, saying he wanted to help Israel and return as a “hero”.

“I wanted to fool the Iranians and come back to Israel as a hero,” he was quoted as saying on Israel’s Channel 10.

Last week, the Israeli media reported Segev was negotiating a plea bargain with prosecutors.

Iranian University to Launch its Own Satellite

That was announced by Amhad Motamedi, the chancellor of the university.

“The Payam satellite of this university is ready and will be launched soon,” he told Mehr News Agency.

For a brief review of Iran’s achievements in various fields of science and technology, check the book “Science and Technology in Iran: A Brief Review

“The satellite of Amirkabir University of Technology is ready and has been delivered to Iran’s Centre for Space Research,” said Motamedi.

“It weighs 110 kg and will be placed in an orbit 500 kilometres from the earth’s surface. It is capable of taking images of the earth’s surface at 40-metre resolution,” he noted.

Is CBI Preparing to Lop Four Zeroes Off National Currency?

The banknote worth 500,000 rials was unveiled in a ceremony attended by CBI Governor Abdolnaser Hemmati and Economy Minister Farhad Dejpasand.

In designing the new banknote, the CBI has whitened four zeroes and highlighted 50.

Is CBI Preparing to Lop Four Zeroes Off National Currency?
New Bill Unveiled on Tuesday

This is while the former 500,000 banknote and other Iranian notes are not like this.

Is CBI Preparing to Lop Four Zeroes Off National Currency?
Former 500,000 Bill

In its statement, the CBI said the new bills have been produced using a technology used for printing Euro in 2013, making it highly difficult to forge.

The government had announced in 2016 it is planning to cut four zeroes off the currency, in an effort to keep up with rampant inflation that has hit the Iranian economy for decades.

However, the monetary reconversion was postponed, likely because the financial system was not ready for the measures at a time when the anti-Iran international sanctions had just been removed.

Observers say Iranian officials believed they ought to implement the reconversion when the economy is stabilised.

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on January 2

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on November 19

Several papers today covered the story of Donald Trump’s decision to pullout from Syria and its ramifications. They also covered US military moves in Iraq.

Security of the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz as well as the Iranian officials’ warning about US moves in the region was another important issue highlighted by Iranian dailies.

Analytical review of Europe’s economic channel with Iran known as Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) and delays in implementing the plan was another topic discussed by dailies.

The above issues, as well as many more, are highlighted in the following headlines and top stories:

 

Abrar:

1- Israeli Military Intelligence: Iran May Attack Israel from Iraq

2- Afghanistan Neighbours Worried about Immigration Crisis after US withdrawal

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on January 2


 

Afkar:

1- Fishy Moves of US Military in Iraq on New Year’s Eve

2- ‘Russians Say Final Words on Syria’

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on January 2


 

Aftab-e Yazd:

1- Cuba Waiting for Receiving 5 Million Tourists: Envoy to Iran

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on January 2


 

Ebtekar:

1- We Never Let Strait of Hormuz Be Unsafe: First VP

2- Iran Ready to Register Silk Road Globally

3- Why’s the World Seeking to Revitalise Asia’s Main Route?

4- Europe’s Commitment to JCPOA Not to Pursue Economic Considerations: EU

5- Tensions High as Romania Starts Its Rotational Presidency of European Union

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on January 2


 

Etemad:

1- Disarmament for Lifting Sanctions

2- North Korean Leader Threatens US in His New Year’s Speech

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on January 2


 

Ettela’at:

1- We Never Accept US Decides for Europe: Mogherini

2- Grand Ayatollah Sistani’s Support for Efforts to Fight Corruption in Iraq

3- Human Development Index of Iran Expands

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on January 2


 

Iran:

1- Iran Protecting Security of Strait of Hormuz

2- Homeira Rigi to Be Appointed as Third Female Ambassador of Iran

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on January 2


 

Jam-e Jam:

1- A Survey of Iranian People’s Behaviour towards Europe after US JCPOA Pullout

2- What Would Happen to Iran-EU Trade Ties after US withdrawal from Nuclear Deal?

  • Europe’s Economic Withdrawal from Iran Nuclear Deal

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on January 2


 

Jomhouri Eslami:

1- Trump Stalls Timetable of US Troops Withdrawal from Syria

2- Yellow Vest Protesters Take to France Streets on New Year’s Eve

3- Purchase of Rotten Food for Yemenis by WFP: Yemen Revolutionary Council

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on January 2


 

Kayhan:

1- ‘Why Collapse of Israel, Withdrawal of US from Syria Definitive?’

2- JCPOA Hanging by Thread; EU Promises Not Fulfiled: Iran EU Envoy

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on January 2


 

Mardomsalari:

1- Nothing New about SPV; Europe Breaks Promises Again

2- Tel Aviv’s Multidimensional Scenario for Damascus

3- Netanyahu after Shares in Syria following US Withdrawal

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on January 2


 

Resalat:

1- Armed Forces Fully Prepared: Iranian Army General

2- Israel’s Case Over: Analytical Report on How to Establish Palestinian State in Tel Aviv

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on January 2


 

Sazandegi:

1- Super Socialist’s Duel with Trump

  • Elizabeth Warren Runs for President in 2020

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on January 2


 

Shargh:

1- Iranian Sunni Woman to Become Iran’s New Envoy to F

2- Homeira Rigi; First Sunni Woman to Become New Ambassador

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on January 2


 

Vatan-e Emrouz:

1- Pessimism Overcomes Prediction in West

2- Economist’s Look at World in 2016

3- Warmongering Democrats

4- Report on Democrats’ Anti-Iran Reaction to Trump’s Decision to Withdraw from Syria

A Look at Iranian Newspaper Front Pages on January 2

‘US Seeking to Restore Taliban Rule in Afghanistan’

As negotiations are underway between the Taliban and some regional and international states including Iran, reports say the Taliban and the US have reached a tentative agreement on the future of Afghanistan which will not provide the country with any benefit, reads an op-ed by Afghanistan expert Seyyed Ahmad Mousavi Moballegh published in the Khorasan daily.

The op-ed underlined that though no details have been out yet of the US-Taliban negotiations, it seems the two sides have reached an agreement on two major issues: Withdrawal of the US forces from Afghanistan and the recognition by the US of the Taliban as a ruling power in the war-torn country.

“This means that the US has violated all its earlier promises in its war on terror and eradication of Al-Qaeda and the Taliban. It also shows that the US has decided to pave the way for the collapse of all political structures in Afghanistan by handing over the country to the Taliban,” the op-ed added.

According to the paper, US President Donald Trump’s decision to pull out about seven thousand of its military forces from Afghanistan was not surprising because it seems rather a measure adopted by the US to show its good-faith in talks with the Taliban.

“With the self-confidence created by the tentative agreement with the US, the Taliban have announced that they do not recognise the current government as the legitimate government of Afghanistan. This has led President Ashraf Ghani to deeply feel the threat against his government and use whatever in his power to avoid the trap set up by the US,” Khorasan wrote.

Over the past week, Ghani appointed Asadullah Khalid and Amrollah Saleh as his new defence and interior ministers. These people used to be among his staunch critics. Meanwhile, they are well-known for their animosity with the Taliban and were sidelined over the past years from politics due to their resolute will in fight against the Taliban. Today, Afghan government and anti-Taliban politicians face a common foe and that’s why they have decided to establish cooperation in their fight against the Taliban.

“The US is seeking to control China, Iran and Russia through Afghanistan by preparing the ground for the dominance of the Taliban in Afghanistan. Such a goal can be achieved only through establishing a brutal government in Afghanistan that works in line with the US policies. However, the Taliban’s move to hold talks with other regional and international players have contributed to the speculations that the group may decide not to completely cooperate with the US after taking power,” the paper added.

Through its mutual ties with Saudi Arabia, the US has come to this sense that it can exert more control on its brutal allies. In other words, the more brutal, the more manageable.  “That’s why the US has decided to pave the way for the Taliban’s power in Afghanistan. Over the past two years, the US has been seeking to remove any obstacles in the way of the Taliban’s rise in Afghanistan.”

The op-ed then cited a number of measures adopted by the US to dictate its will on President Ghani and prepare the ground for the Taliban’s dominance over more than half of the country’s soil.

“Entrapping First Vice President General Abdul Rashid Dostum, launching efforts to depose Atta Muhammad Nur as Balkh governor and arresting a number of security forces who were against the Taliban are among the major measures launched by the US to undermine the power of President Ghani.”

According to the op-ed, though the Taliban have taken a large swath of Afghanistan, it is not popular among the Afghans. The dominance has become possible only due to the security shortage in the country rather than the group’s courage or people’s cooperation with them.

“This means that the US’s talks with the Taliban are part of larger project to set up a new play in Afghanistan to decide for the future of the country,” the paper noted.

Ashraf Ghani has taken two major steps after being humiliated and excluded by the US from the peace talks with the Taliban. “He first resorted to the very officials who used to be his political foes, but widely known for their opposition to the Taliban. Then, he extended the hand of friendship towards the regional countries like Iran to hold talks with the Taliban with the main goal of challenging the US role in his country.”

According to the paper, over the past years, the Taliban have sought to portrait a new image of themselves in the international arenas. “It seems the Taliban have realized the sensitive situation of the regional and sat for talks with Iran. Over the past months, the Taliban held talks with other regional players like some European states, Russia and China but it goes without saying that the Taliban can’t remain indifferent to Iran as a neighboring state with its special role and power.”

As the Islamic Republic of Iran has said, Afghan government is privy to the talks underway between Iran and the Taliban. Iran added the talks are aimed at creating peace and security in the region.

The visit of a Taliban delegation to Iran can help Afghan government to play a role in any peace talks in the future. It also reveals that the Taliban does not fully trust the US and prefers to establish talks with all regional states.

“The Taliban knows it well that the US is not the only player in the Afghan politics and their presence in power hinges on establishing mutual ties with other regional states,” the op-ed concluded.

According to Iranian Foreign Ministry Spokesman Bahram Qassemi the Taliban delegation arrived in Tehran on December 30 and met with Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi. Qassemi said the talks focused on “security issues aimed at driving the peace process in Afghanistan.” He said Kabul was informed about the meeting.

Iran’s Policy Towards Palestinian Cause Unchangeable: Spokesman

Bahram Qassemi

In an interview with ISNA, Qassemi referred to some reports released by certain Arab as well as social media on the stance of the Islamic Republic towards the occupying Zionist regime underlining that the stance and approach of Iran towards the illegitimate regime of Israel is unchangeable.

“Over the past recent days, two Palestinian delegations visited Tehran for talks with high-ranking Iranian officials. Iranian and Palestinian delegations have always been in close contacts with each other and have held talks regularly and this is not a new issue,” he said.

According to Qassemi, given the importance of Palestinian cause and the stance of the Islamic Republic towards it, Iran and Palestinian groups, which do not necessarily have similar views on various issues, sit for talks regularly and continuously.

Elsewhere in his remarks, the spokesman slammed some Muslim states for their indifference towards Palestine and the crimes committed by the Zionist regime against the oppressed people of Palestine.

“The Zionist regime and the US have been seeking, through establishing contacts with certain Muslim and Arab states, to not only create divisions among Muslim countries with the goal of undermining the global status of Islam, but also distract them from Palestine’s issue and remove the Palestinian cause from the top of Islamic states’ priority list,” he said.

Qassemi then underlined that throughout history, no occupying regime or oppressor has managed to achieve its illegitimate goal and the Zionist regime is not an exception. As said earlier, the Americans and the Zionists have been seeking over the past years, through creating certain crises, to increase tensions and conflicts among Muslim states and keep the Muslim world busy with its internal conflicts like what happened in countries like Libya, Syria and Yemen.

“These are the very countries which used to be named as the resistance front against the Zionist regime over the past decades. But, today they are struggling with various problems due to the deceptive policies of the Muslim World’s foes. As a result of such policies, we are witnessing internal conflicts and lack of social and economic developments in the Muslim World,” he noted.

The spokesman then blamed imprudence and lack of realistic views among some rulers of the regional and Muslim states for creation of the current situation and expressed hope that unity in the Muslim World and peaceful coexistence of the regional states could pave the way for reaching unanimity among Muslim states on the Palestinian cause and the Zionist regimes’ crimes.

“We also hope that Muslim countries’ cooperation could protect the rights of the Palestinians, return Palestinian refugees to their homelands, and establish an inclusive unity government with Jerusalem al-Quds as its capital.

‘Yemen Plight Shouldn’t Be Forgotten During Christmas’

In a statement titled ‘Celebrate New Year But Don’t Forget Yemenis’, published in the trans-regional Rai al-Youm paper, Mohammad Ali Al-Houthi described Yemenis’ plight as the touchstone of humanitarian consciousness.

“With a brief review of the statute of the International Criminal Court also known as Rome Statute, one comes to this conclusion that Yemen is the scene of crimes which are much brutal than those categorised in the statute,” he was quoted as saying in a report by Fars News Agency.

Elsewhere in his remarks, al-Houthi said it is nearly four years that Yemen has turned into the scene of a military operation under the leadership of the US.

“The US is sponsoring and prolonging the war despite the fact that the war is violating Rome Statute and all humanitarian laws. The war is aimed at creating draught, spreading diseases and committing other crimes by the US, Saudi Arabia, the UAE and other allies,” he noted.

He also dismissed as unfounded the figures released by the politicians on the death toll in Yemen. “So far, no report has been released on the toll of the civilians who have lost their lives due to the war’s fallouts like drought and malnutrition. The UN has recently released a report saying nearly half of Yemenis are on the verge of starvation.”

According to al-Houthi, the international community has come to this sense that it should address Yemen’s crisis immediately before it becomes too late.

The Yemeni official then referred to the latest peace deal made in Sweden among warring sides in Yemen saying the Houthis regard the deal very seriously and maintain that if implemented, the deal could end up in the Yemenis’ favour.

“Perhaps the main step to implement the deal is restoring peace and stability to the port city of Hudaydah. But unfortunately no efforts have been made to this end by the US and its allies,” he said.

Al-Houthi went on to say that during Christmas holidays, Yemenis are starving to death due to the wrong policies adopted by the US and its regional allies.

“The world should know this fact that in return for each smile growing on the lips of people around the world during Christmas holidays, Saudi Arabia and its allies are removing the smile from the lips of each Yemeni kid forever,” he noted.

According to al-Houthi, along with ceremonies marking Christmas, Saudi officials are importing lots of deadly weapons to commit crimes in Yemen.

‘Khashoggi Corpse Kept in Saudi Consul Residence’

Three months after the death of Khashoggi in Istanbul, investigations by Turkish police are now focused on finding the remaining of the slain journalist’s body.

“The newly-released book in Turkey titled Diplomatic Terror: Some Black Facts on Khashoggi’s Murder is built on interviews with Turkey’s intelligence officials which have not been published yet,” a report by Fars News Agency said.

The book’s authors claim that Saudi Arabia has not yet allowed Turkey’s police to inspect the water well inside the residence of Saudi consul in Istanbul, adding, it is highly likely that either Kashoggi’s corpse is kept in the well or parts of his body are kept in separate corners of the residence.

Saudi officials have only allowed Turkish police to take samples of the water well of the residence, but they have rejected any call by Turkey to inspect the well.

According to the authors, Vienna Convention does not allow Turkey to investigate diplomatic missions in the country. “It is possible that the Saudi officials have put the dead body in the well after wrapping it in anti-water package.”

They also went on to say that the Turkish intelligence officials have provided them with a report on the audio files retrieved from Saudi consulate in Istanbul on Khashoggi’s death.

“The officials told us that the perpetrators of Khashoggi’s death were members of a group named Tiger Squad headed by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman. They committed their crimes after tracking Khashoggi and visiting a number of areas in Istanbul like Belgrade Forest and a luxurious villa in Istanbul.”

According to the audio files, the authors added, two members of the Tiger Squad held talks just one hour before the crime in the consulate. Based on the files, the two members exchanged views on how to convince Khashoggi to return to Saudi Arabia or kill him. “If he declines to cooperate with us, we will kill him and get rid of his corpse,” one of them told the other.

The authors say the files convinced Director of the Central Intelligence Agency of the US Gina Haspel that Khahoggi was murdered by Saudis in their Istanbul consulate. “She listened to the files during a visit to Ankara in a meeting dominated by a deadly silence. In another meeting, when UK intelligent officials arrived in Istanbul to probe the case, their translator could not hold back his tears while translating the files.”

According to the writers, the files included various voices. Somewhere in the files, Khashoggi shouts he will not return to Riyadh while the sounds of some cold weapons like knife and circular saw is heard.

“When five members of the Tiger Squad attacked Khashoggi to keep him quiet, he desperately shouts: Don’t keep my mouth shut. I’ve asthma. You are choking me,” the authors said.

The Turkish security officials also told the authors that the squad members removed Khashoggi’s blood with a special sucker machine and then dismembered his body with a circular saw.

Four members of the squad played a key role in the crime and the squad members did not notice they were tracked by Turkish security forces on their visit to Belgrade Forest in Istanbul.

The book also rejects Saudi Arabia’s claim that the perpetrators of the crime have been arrested.

Meanwhile, the Turkish media have recently released a new footage in which the squad members are seen entering Saudi consul residence with big plastic bags in their hands. This has contributed to speculations that Khashoggi’s corpse is being held in the residence.

Khashoggi was brutally killed in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul on October 2 in a premeditated operation. Saudi officials first denied the crime was carried out inside the consulate, but later facing growing evidence, they acknowledged he was murdered inside the consulate saying the crime was carried out by some rogue elements.

No pain, No Gain: Zarif Tells Europeans as JCPOA Hangs in Balance

Zarif

In an interview with Hamshahri daily, Mohammad Javad Zarif said Europeans say the delay in finalising the Special Purpose Vehicle, a mechanism to facilitate Iran foreign trade which was expected to be finalised by the end of last year, is that they want to ensure it really works.

“We have for several times seen that they were on the verge of announcing the launch of the mechanism, but there were developments that prevented such announcement,” he said.

However, Zarif added the main reason is that they are not yet ready to pay the cost for saving JCPOA.

The Iranian foreign minister urged Europeans to stand on their own feet and work harder to overcome challenges created by the US.

The US unilaterally withdrew from the nuclear pact last year and reinstated anti-Iran sanctions suspended under the accord, offering a list of 12 conditions for the sanctions to be removed.

Following the US pullout, Iran warned it will not remain in the pact unless other signatories guarantee its interests would be served if it keeps up honouring JCPOA commitments.

 

JCPOA Withdrawal; One of Options

Asked if Iran would withdraw from the accord in case Europe fails to finalise the mechanism, Zarif said Iran has various options and it would choose how to respond considering the interests of the nation.

“Iran has various options and withdrawing from the pact is one of them. But this is one of dozens of options. We can take measures under the JCPOA and outside the JCPOA and regarding bilateral and multilateral relations to advance people’s interests,” he said.

 

Iran Not to Negotiate Under Pressure

Asked if Iran would resume talks with other parties to the nuclear pact to achieve a compromise in order to salvage the pact, Zarif said this is not an option in the current circumstances.

The top Iranian diplomat said Tehran has proved it would not engage in talks when it is being pressured by others, especially during the tenure of former US president Barack Obama.

“Some people wrongly think that the pressure of sanctions pushed us to negotiate with Obama. But the fact is Obama could negotiate with us when he accepted Iran’s nuclear program,” he said.

“We have never given response to calls for talks because of sanctions and threats. The world has understood that they should talk with a language of respect, if they want to reach agreement with Iran,” he underlined.

 

US Needs to Compensate

Zarif further mentioned that a requirement for talks between Iran and the US is that the country starts respecting its international commitments.

“If Americans are honest in their willingness for talks, they need to change their behaviour … and recognise realities,” he stated.

Trump, who has hardened the US line on Iran since coming to power in January 2017, in recent months has invited Iranian officials to talk and said he is hopeful they will come to the negotiating table soon.

Trump apparently hopes restoring anti-Iran sanctions suspended under the accord and pushing countries in Asia and Europe to hamper trade with Iran and force Iran to accept renegotiation of the nuclear deal.

Notably, State Secretary Mike Pompeo announced in September that the US was willing to hold a summit with Iran’s leaders during last year’s UN General Assembly.

However, Iranian officials ignored frequent messages, saying the US behaviour shows it is not honest in its request for negotiations.

 

Iran Aware of Netanyahu’s Oman Trip

Zarif said Tehran was informed of October trip of Israeli premier Benjamin Netanyahu to Oman beforehand, and it had told Oman government that the trip is not in their interest.

“After the trip, they informed us of the [talks in] the trip … and stressed this trip is not against Iran’s interests … but we announced our views,” he said.

Although Iran and Oman enjoy friendly bilateral relations, they were not on the same page during the visit, he went on to say.

Netanyahu’s unprecedented trip to Oman came at the invitation of Sultan Qaboos, despite the fact that Oman does not formally recognise Israel.